Amputación Abdominoperineal con Asistencia Robótica

Amputación Abdominoperineal con Asistencia Robótica:
Avances, Beneficios y Retos en la Cirugía Oncológica

Abdominoperineal amputation with Robotic Assistance:
Advances, Benefits and Challenges in Oncological Surgery

O. García Villar*, A. Vivas López*, E. Rubio González*, C. Nevado García*, P. Peláez Torres*, M. Labalde Martínez*, D. Alias Jiménez*, J. García Borda*, E. Ferrero Herrero*

* Servicio de Cirugía General, Aparato Digestivo y Trasplante de
     Órganos Abdominales. Unidad de Cirugía Colorrectal.
     Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre. Madrid (España).

DOI: https://doi.org/10.14679/3513

Resumen:

La amputación abdominoperineal (AAP) es el procedimiento quirúrgico de elección en el tratamiento del cáncer del tercio inferior de recto en el que no se puede conservar la función esfinteriana. En los últimos años, la cirugía con asistencia robótica ha emergido como una técnica avanzada que busca mejorar los resultados quirúrgicos y la recuperación del paciente en comparación con las técnicas convencionales. Esta revisión explora los avances en la AAP con asistencia robótica, destacando sus ventajas, como la mayor precisión anatómica y la menor tasa de complicaciones postoperatorias. A su vez, se discuten los retos asociados, como el elevado costo y la curva de aprendizaje. El artículo concluye con una perspectiva de las futuras direcciones en la cirugía robótica oncológica.
Palabras clave: amputación abdominoperineal, cirugía robótica, cáncer rectal, resultados oncológicos, técnicas mínimamente invasivas.

Abstract:

Abdominoperineal amputation (AAP) is the surgical procedure of choice in the treatment of low rectal cancer where sphincter function cannot be preserved. In recent years, robotic-assisted surgery has emerged as an advanced technique aimed at improving surgical outcomes and patient recovery compared to conventional techniques. This review explores advances in robotic-assisted AAP, highlighting its advantages such as greater anatomical precision and a lower rate of postoperative complications. Challenges associated with robotic surgery, such as high costs and the learning curve, are also discussed. The article concludes with a perspective on future directions in oncological robotic surgery.
Key words: abdominoperineal amputation, robotic surgery, rectal cancer, oncological outcomes, minimally invasive techniques.

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